The Cerrado, often called the “watershed cradle” and known for its arid appearance, hides a surprising richness. In this article, we will explore 15 fascinating facts about the Cerrado, one of Brazil’s most remarkable biomes.
Descubra 15 curiosidades sobre o Cerrado
1 – A Giant in Size
The Cerrado covers an area equivalent to the combined territories of Spain, France, Germany, Italy, and England. It is the second largest biome in Brazil, second only to the Amazon.
2 – Geographic Variety
This biome is present in several Brazilian states, such as Goiás, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Maranhão, Piauí, Rondônia, Paraná, São Paulo, and the Federal District, covering about 25% of the national territory.
3 – Hidden Beauty
The Cerrado is a region of rich biodiversity, even though it may appear arid at first glance due to its poor and acidic soils. It has only two climate seasons: dry and rainy, making it unique in Brazil.
4 – Birdwatcher’s Paradise
Of the 837 bird species recorded in the Cerrado, 759 reproduce in the region, making it a paradise for birdwatchers.
5 – Beyond Borders
In other parts of the world, the Cerrado is known as savanna, characterized by low trees, spaced shrubs, and grasses. Its climate is predominantly hot, with wet and dry seasons.
6 – Biodiversity Hotspot
The Cerrado is considered a global biodiversity hotspot, housing more than 6,000 tree species and 800 bird species. About 40% of its woody vegetation species are endemic, as are 50% of the bees and 47% of Brazil’s insect diversity.
7 – Conservation Challenges
Despite its importance, the Cerrado is one of the least protected Brazilian biomes. Only 8.21% of its territory is legally protected by conservation units, with 2.85% under full protection and 5.36% under sustainable use.
8 – Vegetation Variety
The Cerrado features 25 distinct physiognomies, influenced by the depth and fertility of the soil, providing an incredible variety of landscapes and habitats.
9 – Insects in Abundance
This biome is home to about 90,000 insect species, including 23% of the termites found in the tropics. These insects play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and in the diets of animals like the giant armadillo and the giant anteater.
10 – Cultural Heritage
The Cerrado is vital for many indigenous populations, who depend on natural resources for survival. They possess knowledge of over 200 medicinal plant species and 400 species useful in the rehabilitation of degraded areas.
11 – Typical Fruits
Typical fruits of the Cerrado include pequi, cagaita, buriti, mangaba, and jatobá, used to make delicious juices and sweets.
12 – Seasonal Rains
Surprisingly, 90% of the Cerrado’s rainfall occurs between October and March, making these months crucial for its ecosystem.
13 – Mild Climate
The temperature in the Cerrado ranges between 22°C and 27°C, making it a region with a pleasant climate.
14 – Cradle of Waters
This biome is home to the headwaters of important South American rivers, such as the São Francisco, Prata, Paraguai, Paraná, and Parnaíba, justifying its nickname as the “watershed cradle.”
15 – Alarming Devastation
Unfortunately, the Cerrado is one of Brazil’s most devastated biomes, having lost 59% of its original area to mining and agribusiness expansion in just five decades.
Conclusion
The “fascinating facts about the Cerrado” not only surprise us with their natural and cultural richness but also remind us of the responsibility to preserve this unique biome. Learning about its peculiarities is the first step to ensuring that future generations can enjoy its beauty and significance, promoting the conservation of this Brazilian treasure.
Also, explore the curiosities of other biomes present in Brazil:
